opposite,opposed,opposing
opposite：相反方向/特征（静态）→ sit opposite, opposite meaning
opposed：立场反对（态度）→ be opposed to sth
opposing：对抗中（动态）→ opposing teams/views
opposite views/arguments：静态内容相反
opposing views/arguments：对抗/交锋中的观点，更自然常用
parliament,chamber
parliament：整个议会/国家立法机构 → UK Parliament = Commons（下议院）+ Lords（上议院）
chamber：议会中“一院”或会议厅 → upper/lower chamber of parliament
motive,motivation
motive：具体原因（常用于分析别人行为）→ motive for crime
motivation：内在驱动力/动力（多用于自我）→ motivation to succeed
intelligent,intellectual,intelligence
intelligent：形容词，聪明的 → an intelligent child
intellectual：形容词/名词，理性思考的；知识分子 → intellectual debate / a leading intellectual
intelligence：名词，智力；情报 → human intelligence / classified intelligence
personal,private
personal：个人的，强调“属于自己”或“亲自的” → personal opinion / personal experience
private：私密的，不公开的，强调“隐私保护” → private life / private room
- She doesn’t like to share her personal life on social media. → 她不喜欢让她的生活细节暴露在公共场合。
- She keeps her private life very private. → 她非常保护她的隐私部分，不让人知道。
maintain,sustain
sustain：持续承受、支持（强调长期或承受压力）→ sustain energy / sustain damage
maintain：保持状态不变、防止恶化（强调保持现状）→ maintain order / maintain machines
maintain a positive attitude = 维持、保持一个心理状态。
sustain 更适合用来表示“支撑、维持（力量、能量、生命等）”的动作。
- She maintains a positive attitude despite difficulties.（保持积极态度，防止消极。）——很自然。
- She sustains her energy despite difficulties.（在困难中维持体力。）——强调体力需要支撑。
reject,refuse
reject：拒绝接受/认可（偏判断,侧重判断和标准）→ reject an offer / reject a proposal
refuse：拒绝做某事（偏主动不愿意,侧重行为和意愿）→ refuse to help / refuse an invitation
sector,department
sector,department
sector：行业、领域（大的分类）→ public sector / tech sector
department：组织机构内部的部门（小单位）→ HR department / physics department